ArticleJournal of food composition and analysis : an official publication of the United Nations University, International Network of Food Data Systems2025
Food sources of choline and their contribution to choline adequacy in U.S. older adults.
Article in Journal of food composition and analysis : an official publication of the United Nations University, International Network of Food Data Systems, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient, yet most Americans fail to meet the Adequate Intake (AI). This cross-sectional study investigated dietary choline sources and adequacy among 203 adults ≥ 65 years in the Midwestern U.S. Three-day food records were analyzed using the Nutrition Data System for Research, with choline intake adjusted for energy. Participants were classified into quartiles based on their choline nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR). ANOVA assessed differences in participant characteristics, while food group contributions to total choline intake were normalized within each quartile. Only 10 % of participants met the AI for choline. Choline intake was positively correlated with energy intake (
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