ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026
Artificial intelligence in veterinary education: self-perceived knowledge, use, and attitudes among veterinary students in Spain and Portugal.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI), especially generative AI and large language models, is increasingly influencing higher education and health professions training. However, there is still limited empirical evidence about what veterinary students know about AI, how they use it, and how they perceive it. The aim of this study was to evaluate self-perceived AI-related knowledge, use, and attitudes among veterinary students in Spain and Portugal, and to analyze the influence of institutional context, prior AI training, and digital engagement. A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the 2023-2024 academic year with 340 undergraduate and postgraduate veterinary students from public and private institutions in Spain and Portugal. The questionnaire included sociodemographic questions and nine Likert-scale items assessing self-perceived AI knowledge, use, and attitudes. Composite scores were calculated and transformed using the Percentage of Maximum Possible (POMP) method (0-100 scale). Internal consistency of the instrument was high (
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