ArticleiScience2026
Copper resource trade resilience under the belt and road initiative: Who leads, who lags?
Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Amid rising global geopolitical uncertainties and growing resource security risks, establishing a stable, efficient, and sustainable trade system has become a key pillar of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This study develops a multi-dimensional resilience framework and evaluates copper resource trade resilience for 63 Belt and Road countries from 2004 to 2023 using an integrated objective-weighting scheme. The results show a steady overall improvement alongside pronounced and widening disparities between high- and low-resilience countries. Spatially, a "high-resilience core" persists in Central and Eastern Europe, while a "resilience trough" concentrates in West Asia and the Middle East, revealing a durable core-periphery structure. Shapley decomposition indicates that institutional coordination and international engagement account for most of the leader-laggard gap. Exploiting staggered BRI participation, multi-period DID evidence suggests that the BRI causally strengthens trade resilience, with asymmetric and timing-dependent gains. These results inform more targeted, equity-oriented BRI policy design.
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