Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42389233›Full record

ArticleAdvances in health information science and practice2026

Workforce Review of Health Information Technology Associate-Degree Graduates: 2017-2024.

Debra Hamada, Karima Lalani, Melanie Brodnik, Susan H Fenton, Angela Kennedy, David T Marc, Velma L Payne, Rebecca Reynolds

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advances in health information science and practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Debra HamadaLoma Linda University.
Karima LalaniUniversity of Washington.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5982-160X
Melanie BrodnikThe Ohio State University.
Susan H FentonThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
Angela KennedyCommission on Accreditation for Health Informatics and Information Management Education (CAHIIM).
David T MarcThe College of St. Scholastica.
Velma L PayneThe University of Arizona.
Rebecca ReynoldsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The career path of associate-degree health information technology (HIT) graduates continues to change quickly as quality and payment regulations, technology requirements, and workforce expectations evolve to meet the demands of the changing health care environment. Although HIT professionals play an essential role in accuracy, regulatory compliance, and the overall function of health information systems, there is limited research describing HIT workforce trends. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used with 587 survey responses. Quantitative data were standardized by job category, including a newly developed "health information management (HIM) operations" group, and career movement was visualized using a Sankey diagram. Qualitative comments were analyzed using inductive thematic coding, intercoder reliability checks, and a reconciled codebook. Both data sources were combined to provide a clearer picture of workforce patterns and graduate experiences. Results: Graduates reported a wide range of initial positions after graduation, most commonly in medical coding, HIM operations, billing, and patient registration. Many described strong upward mobility, moving into supervisory HIM roles, revenue cycle leadership, and growing opportunities in data analytics. Internships were frequently linked to job placement, and remote or hybrid work remained common. Three themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: (1) degree outcomes-graduates found the degree practical and career-building; (2) credential value-the Registered Health Information Technician (RHIT) continues to hold value but is not consistently recognized by all employers; and (3) employment issues-experience requirements and wages remain ongoing challenges. Conclusions: Overall, HIT graduates see clear value in their education and report meaningful career growth. At the same time, familiar challenges persist in work experience requirements that limit job availability for HIT graduates. Strengthening experiential learning, improving communication with employers about HIT competencies, and creating more intentional academic-employer partnerships may help close these gaps. These insights are intended to support educators, employers, and the broader HIM community in developing more effective workforce strategies.

Indexed as

Career MobilityMedical InformaticsHumansSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited Statescareer mobilityexperiential learninghealth information managementhealth information technologymixed-methods researchprofessional competenciesRHIT credentialworkforce entry

Identifiers

PMID42389233
PMCPMC13318704

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.