ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2026
Sex differences in speed and sub-technique selection in elite sprint cross-country skiers: a time-trial qualification analysis.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated sex differences in speed, sub-technique selection and cycle characteristics during a sprint cross-country skiing time-trial qualification in the classical style. Methods: Thirty elite- to world-class cross-country skiers (15 women, 15 men; mean International Ski Federation [FIS] sprint points ∼58 in both groups) performed an FIS-regulated on-snow classical sprint competition. The initial 1.3-km time-trial qualification (prologue) was analyzed using a combined global navigation satellite system and inertial measurement unit to determine speed, sub-technique selection, and cycle characteristics. Results: The men were ∼14% faster than the women (mean speed: 8.26 vs. 7.23 m·s Conclusion: Elite male cross-country skiers were ∼14% faster than performance-matched female skiers during a sprint time-trial qualification with equal distance. The most notable difference appeared on uphill terrain, where men relied more heavily on double poling and achieved longer cycle lengths across all sub-techniques. Consequently, female and male skiers face distinct sport-specific demands when competing over equal distances.
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