ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Visual guidance patterns and comprehension mechanisms in children's nonlinear picture book reading: an eye-tracking study.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Nonlinear narrative picture books represent an emerging literacy form in children's literature, yet their cognitive processing mechanisms remain understudied. This study investigated visual guidance patterns and comprehension mechanisms in 6-7-year-old children reading nonlinear narrative picture books using eye-tracking technology. Methods: Sixty-four children (72-95 months) read two Chinese nonlinear narrative picture books while their eye movements were recorded using Tobii Pro Spectrum (1,200 Hz). Four eye-tracking metrics were analyzed: fixation duration, path consistency index, cross-AOI scanning frequency, and image-first reading proportion. Comprehension was assessed through structured interviews evaluating factual understanding, inference, global coherence, and narrative structure understanding. Results: Children exhibited a predominant "image-first" pattern, with 58.6% of total fixation time on images versus 26.3% on text. However, mean fixation duration was longer for text (348.6 ms) than images (256.2 ms), indicating deeper text processing. Path consistency (r = 0.48, Conclusion: Findings extend text-image integration models to nonlinear contexts, supporting age-adaptive design principles and differentiated reading instruction strategies for children's picture book reading.
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