Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42388847›Full record

ArticleBioscience of microbiota, food and health2026

Urinary indoxyl sulfate in children: age-related decline and its association with Bacteroidota in the gut microbiota.

Yuko Akagawa, Shohei Akagawa, Shoji Tsuji, Tomoki Kitawaki, Ayaka Ito, Mamoru Nakanishi, Takahiko Okada, Sohsaku Yamanouchi, Kazunari Kaneko

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Bioscience of microbiota, food and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yuko AkagawaDepartment of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.
Shohei AkagawaDepartment of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.
Shoji TsujiDepartment of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.
Tomoki KitawakiDepartment of Mathematics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.
Ayaka ItoDepartment of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.
Mamoru NakanishiMibyoumarker Laboratory Co., Ltd., 2-11-4 Temma, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka 530-0043, Japan.
Takahiko OkadaMibyoumarker Laboratory Co., Ltd., 2-11-4 Temma, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka 530-0043, Japan.
Sohsaku YamanouchiDepartment of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.
Kazunari KanekoDepartment of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Urinary indoxyl sulfate (IS), a gut microbiota-derived uremic toxin, is associated with the adult gut microbiota and is elevated in children with autism spectrum disorder. However, its age-related trajectory and association with microbiota in healthy children remain uncharacterized. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate age-related changes in urinary IS in healthy children and to investigate the potential utility of urinary IS as a surrogate marker for their gut microbiota. We measured urinary IS/creatinine (Cr) ratios and analyzed the fecal gut microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) in 102 healthy Japanese children aged 5 months to 12 years. Associations were assessed using Spearman's correlation. An empirical age-adjustment model (inverse proportional) was developed to derive an age-adjusted IS/Cr ratio (actual/predicted), thereby removing the strong age dependence before re-evaluating correlations with gut microbiota. The unadjusted IS/Cr ratio showed a strong negative correlation with age (rs=-0.47, p<0.001) and declined markedly during early childhood, stabilizing at approximately 5 years. Weak correlations with microbiota metrics were observed before adjustment; however, the age-adjusted IS/Cr ratio showed no correlation with age (rs=-0.03, p=0.768). Notably, age adjustment revealed significant positive correlations between the IS/Cr ratio and the phylum Bacteroidota (rs=0.26, p=0.008) and strengthened the correlation with the genus

Indexed as

16S rRNA gene sequencingBacteroidotagut microbiotaindoxyl sulfatetryptophan

Identifiers

PMID42388847
PMCPMC13322761

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.