ArticleEuropean oral research2026
Effect of chromogenic beverages on color stability and surface roughness of CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics: an in vitro study.
Article in European oral research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of commonly consumed chromogenic beverages on the color stability and surface roughness of three CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics at different time intervals. The study aims to provide comparative data under standardized immersion conditions, addressing a gap in time-dependent color and surface alterations of CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics. Materials and Methods: A total of 168 specimens were prepared from three CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics (Vita Enamic HT 2M2, Cerasmart HT A2, and Brava HT A2). Specimens were immersed in distilled water, coffee, cola, or red wine at 37 °C for up to 12 days. Color (ΔE₀₀, CIE L*a*b*), and surface roughness (Ra) were measured at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 days. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (factors: beverage and time) followed by post-hoc tests (α=0.05) was used for statistical analysis. Results: Red wine produced the highest color change in all materials (p<0.001), followed by coffee, whereas cola and water resulted in significantly lower ΔE₀₀ values. At day 12, Vita Enamic showed greater discoloration and roughness than Cerasmart and Brava (p<0.05). Both ΔE₀₀ and Ra increased significantly with time (p<0.001). Conclusion: Exposure to chromogenic beverages significantly affected both color stability and surface roughness of CAD/CAM resin-matrix ceramics. Red wine and coffee were the most aggressive agents, while Cerasmart demonstrated the best stability. Routine dietary counseling and periodic repolishing may be advisable to preserve the long-term esthetic integrity of CAD/CAM restorations.
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