ArticleFrontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare2026
Factors associated with treatment compliance among middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Article in Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition requiring sustained medication adherence and lifestyle modification. In Saudi Arabia, T2DM affects 21-24% of the population, with prevalence projected to rise by 2030. Demographic factors and comorbidities pose significant challenges to treatment compliance, particularly among middle-aged adults. Objective: To examine factors influencing treatment adherence among middle-aged adults (40-65 years) with T2DM at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews using a validated bilingual questionnaire covering demographics and treatment compliance. A total of 393 participants were enrolled, exceeding the minimum calculated sample of 365 (95% confidence level, 5% margin of error). Data were analysed using SPSS Version 20, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Suboptimal adherence was reported by 78.4% of participants. Univariate logistic regression identified five predictors of suboptimal adherence: absence of treatment plan clarification (OR 3.197), lack of explanation of diabetes complications (OR 3.120), discontinuation of medication without consulting a provider (OR 0.130), non-commitment to medication dispensing dates (OR 0.139), and non-commitment to doctor appointments (OR 0.093). Multivariate backward stepwise logistic regression identified four independent predictors: age 51-55 years was associated with reduced odds of suboptimal adherence compared to age 40-45 years (aOR 0.235; p = 0.027); second-hand smoke exposure was associated with reduced odds compared to non-smokers (aOR 0.295; p = 0.027); working more than 55 hours per week was associated with reduced odds compared to working fewer than 35 hours (aOR 0.141; p = 0.038); and a diabetes diagnosis duration of 6-10 years was associated with increased odds compared to 1-5 years (aOR 2.553; p = 0.047). Conclusion: Adherence to anti-diabetic therapy remains suboptimal among middle-aged Saudi adults. Key contributors to poor adherence include missed appointments, unclear treatment plans, inadequate education on diabetes complications, and self-discontinuation of medications.
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