ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2026
What Is the Optimal Graft and Transfer Location in Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer for Posterosuperior Massive Rotator Cuff Tears? A Cadaveric Biomechanical Simulation Study.
Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Lower trapezius tendon (LTT) transfer can restore shoulder function, particularly active external rotation (ER) following massive rotator cuff tear (MRCT). However, the optimal graft type and its transfer location on the greater tuberosity remain unclear. Purpose: To investigate the optimal graft type and location in LTT transfer for posterosuperior MRCT from a biomechanical perspective. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were tested on a shoulder simulator. LTT transfer was performed with an Achilles tendon fixed over the superior-middle facets (LTT-Achilles), a semitendinosus (ST) tendon to the superior facet (LTT-ST-S), or to the middle facet (LTT-ST-M). A 24-N load was applied to each transferred graft. Under each condition (intact rotator cuff, MRCT, LTT-Achilles, ST-S, and ST-M), humeral head translation and functional abduction force (FAF) were evaluated at 0°, 30°, and 60° of glenohumeral elevation. ER torque was assessed across 5 angles (60° internal rotation [60IR], 30° internal rotation [30IR], neutral, 30° ER [30ER], and 60° ER [60ER]) at 0°, 30°, and 60° of glenohumeral elevation. Results: None of the LTT conditions significantly depressed humeral head posterosuperior migration as compared with MRCT. Compared with MRCT, FAF improved significantly with LTT-Achilles at 0° elevation ( Conclusion: In LTT transfer for MRCT, LTT-ST-M most effectively restored ER torque, whereas LTT-Achilles and LTT-ST-S improved FAF. None of the conditions of LTT transfer suppressed humeral translation. Clinical Relevance: Graft selection and transfer location in LTT transfer can be tailored to patient goals and graft availability, leading to a more patient-specific surgical strategy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.