ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026
Cytoplasmic membrane vesicles from
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Bacterial extracellular vesicles are important mediators of host-microbe interactions, facilitating the transport of proteins, toxins, and other bioactive molecules across biological barriers. Although vesicle production has been reported in several Gram-positive pathogens, the environmental factors influencing vesicle characteristics in Methods: Results: CMVs were produced under both culture conditions and displayed the typical spherical morphology observed for bacterial membrane vesicles. Osmotic stress was associated with significant changes in vesicle physicochemical properties. NaCl-derived CMVs exhibited smaller particle diameters and a narrower size distribution than control CMVs. Biochemical analyses showed increased protein content and reduced lipid levels in vesicles produced under high-salinity conditions. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry demonstrated increased CMV-associated fluorescence in HT-29 cells exposed to NaCl-derived vesicles compared with control vesicles. Vesicle preparations displayed measurable glucosyltransferase-associated enzymatic activity, which increased following vesicle disruption, suggesting the presence of enzyme-associated cargo within the vesicle structure. Discussion: These findings demonstrate that osmotic stress is associated with alterations in the size, composition, and epithelial cell association of CMVs produced by
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.