Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42388029›Full record

ArticleVirulence2026

Landscape of the upper and lower airway microbiota in children with community-acquired pneumonia.

Yingying Luo, Ling Zhu, Huiliang Xu, Dan Li, Yifan Zhu, Jianxin Xiong, Ling Li, Yun Guo, Kang Yi, Zongxiu Wang and 3 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Virulence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Yingying LuoDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Ling ZhuDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, China.
Huiliang XuDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China.
Dan LiDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Yifan ZhuDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Jianxin XiongDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, China.
Ling LiDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China.
Yun GuoDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China.
Kang YiNanjing KnoinDX Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China.
Zongxiu WangNanjing KnoinDX Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China.
Zhengyang XueDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Deyu ZhaoDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Feng LiuDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2875-1909

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common causes of death in children. Obtaining lower airway samples from children with CAP has so far remained challenging. This multicenter study enrolled 198 children with CAP indicated for fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Nasopharyngeal aspirates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing to compare the pathogens and microbiota. Firstly, diversities of the microbiota between the upper and lower airways were compared. Then, diversities of the lower airway microbiota were analyzed among different pathogen groups and outcome groups. The high consistency was observed between the first pathogen detected in the upper and lower airways of children with CAP by tNGS. Diversity indices were higher in the upper airways than in the lower airways in children with CAP. The upper airway richness indices were higher in the group with consistent top pathogens between the upper and lower airways.

Indexed as

BacteriaCommunity-Acquired InfectionsCommunity-Acquired PneumoniaMicrobiotaRespiratory SystemBronchoalveolar Lavage FluidChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansInfantMaleNasopharynxRNA, Ribosomal, 16SVirusesRNA, Ribosomal, 16SchildrenCommunity-acquired pneumoniamicrobiotaMycoplasma

Identifiers

PMID42388029
PMCPMC13336301

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.