Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42387871›Full record

ArticleEcology letters2026

Three-Dimensional Correlated Random Walks for Animal Movement and Habitat Selection.

Natasha Klappstein, Théo Michelot, Ron Togunov, Joanna Mills Flemming

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Ecology letters, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Natasha KlappsteinDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Théo MichelotDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Ron TogunovDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Joanna Mills FlemmingDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3517-3089

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Animal movement and habitat selection underpin important ecological phenomena, from individual behaviour to population-level distributions. Despite navigating three-dimensional space, animals' movement is typically measured and analysed on a two-dimensional plane, which limits our understanding of species that swim or fly. Therefore, we propose a step selection function (SSF) capable of quantifying animal movement and habitat selection in three dimensions. We formulate a very general family of three-dimensional correlated random walks, aimed at capturing unique features of three-dimensional data. Using Antarctic petrel data, we illustrate how these SSFs can be used to assess selection for vertically-stratified habitat, account for barriers (e.g., the ground or ocean surface), and model attraction to any number of directional targets. Our modelling framework provides a solid foundation for three-dimensional analyses, which will be crucial to answer ecological questions that would otherwise be ignored in two dimensions.

Indexed as

EcosystemModels, BiologicalAnimalsAntarctic RegionsMovement3Danimal movementbiased random walkscorrelated random walkshabitat selectionKent distributionstep selection functiontelemetry datathree‐dimensional

Identifiers

PMID42387871
PMCPMC13323951

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.