ReviewStem cell research & therapy2026
From monolayer to organoids and multi-organ microphysiological systems: advancing regenerative medicine and precision therapies.
Review in Stem cell research & therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Advances and prospects of 3D air-liquid interface cultured middle ear epithelial cells and inner ear organoids in otologic diseases.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe landscape of in vitro models has evolved from simple two dimensional (2D) cultures to three-dimensional (3D) organoids and multi-organ microphysiological systems. Early monolayer cultures enabled directed differentiation but provided limited physiological relevance. MAIN BODY: The development of organoid technology is a significant invention, which allows the cells to self-organize into complex 3D structures to recapitulate the cell diversity, architecture and functions of natural tissues. This has enabled more effective modelling of patient-specific diseases and processes. The latest development of the multi-organ microphysiological systems, integrates organoids or engineered tissues with microfluidic channels through which nutrients are perfused, and blood flow as well as mechanical stimuli are mimicked. This technology provides precise control over the tissue microenvironment to facilitate dynamic cell interactions and communication among different tissue types.
conclusionThese platforms more precisely mimic human biological processes, thereby improving disease modelling, drug screening, and the development of tissue grafts for regenerative therapies. This review discusses the evolution from 2D monolayer cell cultures, through the formation of organoids, to the engineering of organ-on-a-chip systems. It underlines how these technologies have advanced regenerative therapies by enhancing the ability to repair or replace damaged tissues and precision medicine through the creation of patient-specific disease models and personalized treatment strategies. Importantly, this review provides a comparative critical assessment of the functional capabilities, limitations, and translational readiness of each platform, identifying the specific contexts in which each system excels or falls short of its alternatives.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.