ArticleCommunications medicine2026
Enhancement of sleep slow wave activity using transcranial electrical stimulation with temporal interference: an interim analysis of the STRENGTHEN study.
Article in Communications medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles Enable Modulation of Cortical Networks by Low-Intensity Static Magnetic Fields In Vitro.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Thalamic transcranial electrical stimulation with temporal interference enhances sleep spindle activity during a daytime nap.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
- TI-Toolbox: An Open-Source Software for Temporal Interference Stimulation Research.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of non-invasive neurostimulation for insomnia in adults: protocol of a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSlow waves are oscillations that reflect rhythmic alternation of neuronal activity and mediate key restorative functions of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Left ventromedial prefrontal cortex regions are a "hot spot" for slow wave generation. The enhancement of slow wave activity (SWA, 0.5-4 Hz) has been shown to be beneficial, as in improving memory performance. To overcome limitations of current techniques, we assessed the ability of a non-invasive neuromodulatory tool, Transcranial Electrical Stimulation with Temporal Interference (TES-TI), to enhance SWA during NREM sleep overnight in healthy humans.
methodsThe current study is an interim analysis focused on the effects of TES-TI during NREM sleep in a laboratory setting. Two high frequency carriers with 1 Hz difference (TES
resultsWe show that SWA is increased with TES
conclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that TES-TI enhances SWA and potentially its restorative function.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.