ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2026
Discrimination and depressive symptoms: the role of psychological resilience across racial and ethnic groups.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to identify distinct typologies of discrimination experiences and their association with depressive symptoms among older adults across racial/ethnic groups and the potential moderating role of psychological resilience across racial/ethnic backgrounds.
methodsData from 11,832 respondents (65% non-Hispanic White, 18% non-Hispanic Black, 13% Hispanic, and 4% Other) in the 2016/2018 Health and Retirement Study Psychosocial Leave-Behind Questionnaire were analyzed. Six discrimination types (e.g., disrespect, poor service in restaurants, perceived as unintelligent) and a 12-item resilience index covering domains such as perseverance despite major setbacks, adaptability to change, and recognition of inner strengths were assessed.
resultsLatent class analysis identified three distinct typologies of discrimination experiences: (C1) Low discrimination-low across all experiences, (C2) Microaggressions-elevated probabilities of disrespect, poor service at restaurants, and being perceived as unintelligent, and (C3) Pervasive/threatening discrimination-high across all experiences, including being feared and harassed. Regression models showed that for non-Hispanic Whites, both C2 and C3 were associated with higher depressive symptoms; for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals, only C2 was linked with more depressive symptoms; for the Other category, only C3 was related to more depressive symptoms. Higher resilience was associated with fewer depressive symptoms across all groups but moderated the effects of C2 and C3 for non-Hispanic Whites and only C2 for Hispanic individuals. DISCUSSION: Findings highlight discrimination as a mental health risk factor for older Americans and suggest that psychological resilience may mitigate its impact, contingent on experience type and racial/ethnic background. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.