ArticleNeurology. Clinical practice2026
Characterizing Onset Limit and Surgical Outcome Factors in Type II Focal Cortical Dysplasia-Related Epilepsy.
Article in Neurology. Clinical practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesTo clarify the upper limit of epilepsy onset in focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) Type II (FCD)-related epilepsy and to investigate factors affecting long-term surgical outcomes from an open-source database.
methodsPatients with FCD Type II pathology were included from the Imaging Database for Epilepsy And Surgery. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of adult-onset FCD-drug resistant epilepsy (DRE). Secondary analyses focused on factors affecting long-term seizure-free outcomes after resective epilepsy surgery for FCD-DRE.
resultsThirty-nine FCD-DRE patients were identified. Pathology was Type IIB (n = 30), Type IIA (n = 8), and Type II Not Otherwise Specified (n = 1). Only 5% had adult-onset DRE; 95% had onset before 15 years. Surgery was associated with 71.4% 5-year International League Against Epilepsy Class I outcome. FCD Type IIB was associated with high rate of seizure-free outcome (OR 13.0, 95% CI [1.36-124], DISCUSSION: Prior data show that ∼5% of FCDs are discovered incidentally. This study elucidates that the majority of FCD-DRE (including those patients treated as adults) is childhood-onset. These data demonstrate that FCD Type II (especially Type IIB) is associated with high rates of durable postsurgical seizure-free outcome.
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