Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42384801›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

Safe, high-performance, moisture-activated batteries for powering next-generation Internet-of-Things devices.

Rajaram Kaveti, Akshay Bhardwaj, Pei Liu, Ayemeh Bagheri Hashkavayi, Bhavya Jain, Adrian Rodriguez-Kattan, Mahaboobbatcha Aleem, Baha Erim Uzunoğlu, Gurudatt N G, Bünyamin Şahin and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Rajaram KavetiDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3649-3356
Akshay BhardwajDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
Pei LiuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-4918-9708
Ayemeh Bagheri HashkavayiDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9417-5140
Bhavya JainDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6514-8650
Adrian Rodriguez-KattanDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-5182-0482
Mahaboobbatcha AleemDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1887-4016
Baha Erim UzunoğluDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6436-5146
Gurudatt N GDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
Bünyamin ŞahinDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7059-0315
Veena MisraDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4528-8744
Raudel AvilaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-0092-5307
Abraham Vázquez-GuardadoDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0648-5921
Amay J BandodkarDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1792-1506

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Conventional batteries are heavy, nonconformal, and toxic, while energy harvesters offer low/variable power, rendering them unsuitable for emerging wearable, robotic, and other Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. Here, we introduce a nontoxic, thin-film battery superior to several commercial batteries inspired by advances in water harvesting techniques. It scavenges ambient moisture to serve as its electrolyte, combining features of an energy harvester with attractive features of a battery (stable and high power). It functions in a wide range of environments and offers an open-circuit voltage of ~1.6 volts, specific capacity of ~52 milliampere-hours per gram, and specific energy of ~81 milliwatt-hours per gram. Unique pangolin skin-mimicking design imparts high flexibility, stretchability, and fill factor to the battery, ensuring conformability without compromising on capacity. Experimental and computer simulation studies reveal the distinctive materials and design features responsible for the battery's impressive performance. Examples of a wireless wearable pulse oximeter and surveillance monitor with a unique kill switch that secures it from unauthorized access demonstrate the versatility of the battery to power various IoT devices.

Identifiers

PMID42384801
PMCPMC13322253

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.