Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42383911›Full record

ArticleSexually transmitted diseases2026

Advancements in Syphilis Vaccine Development.

Lorenzo Giacani, Caroline E Cameron, Feijun Zhao, Melissa J Caimano, Justin D Radolf

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sexually transmitted diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Lorenzo GiacaniFrom the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington.ORCID 0000-0003-3889-7274
Caroline E CameronFrom the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington.ORCID 0000-0002-8786-4359
Feijun ZhaoMOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang.ORCID 0000-0001-9542-6896
Melissa J CaimanoDepartment of Pediatrics, UConn Health.ORCID 0000-0003-1170-4102
Justin D RadolfDepartment of Medicine, UConn Health.ORCID 0000-0002-9341-6712

Funding

Prevalence of syphilis and other sexually transmitted infections in men and transgender women who have sex with men in Cali, ColombiaU19AI144177 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT SCH OF MED/DNT · PI RADOLF, JUSTIN D · 2019 to 2023
$11.2M
University of Washington (UW) Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Cooperative Research Center (CRC) - Syphilis Vaccine to Protect against Local and Disseminated T. pallidum InfectionU19AI144133 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI WALD, ANNA · 2019 to 2023
$10.6M
Development of a Chimeric Syphilis Vaccine Candidate to Combat Local, Disseminated and Congenital Syphilis InfectionU01AI182035 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA · PI CAROLINE E CAMERON, Lorenzo Giacani · 2024 to 2026
$4.8M
Extracellular Matrix Adhesins of Treponema pallidumR01AI051334 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI CAMERON, CAROLINE E · 2002 to 2017
$3.4M
Innovative approaches to syphilis vaccine designR01AI123196 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI CAMERON, CAROLINE E, LUKEHART, SHEILA A. · 2016 to 2019
$2.3M
Extracellular Matrix Adhesins of Treponema pallidumR37AI051334 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA · PI CAROLINE E CAMERON · 2019 to 2026
$2.3M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI051334NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI123196NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI051334NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI182035NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI144133NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI144177
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the last decade, we have witnessed outstanding scientific advances towards the development of a globally efficacious syphilis vaccine. This manuscript summarizes information presented at the Shanghai International Syphilis Symposium (October 20-22, 2025, Shanghai, China) during the Vaccine Development session. Dr. Lorenzo Giacani (University of Washington) moderated the session. Dr. Justin Radolf (UConn Health) summarized key historical research findings that inform modern vaccine development, emphasizing how protective immunity was demonstrated in the early days of syphilis vaccine research and attributed to antibodies. Drs. Caroline Cameron (University of Victoria), Melissa Caimano (UConn Health), and Feijun Zhao (University of South China) discussed their research relating to antigen selection, identification of potentially protective B cell epitopes, results of immunization/challenge experiments, vaccine delivery platforms, and manufacturing requirements, with particular emphasis on the development of chimeric vaccine candidates. While challenges remain, the application of high-throughput immunological, proteomic, and genomic techniques discussed here has revealed surface-exposed epitopes of TPA outer membrane proteins with promising, but as yet unproven, vaccine potential. Multiple vaccine designs have emerged as options to efficiently and effectively package these epitopes in chimeric structures and platforms that can meet manufacturing standards and requirements. Efforts are also ongoing to identify and procure clinically approved adjuvants to be delivered alongside vaccine candidates.

Indexed as

Bacterial VaccinesSyphilisTreponema pallidumVaccine DevelopmentAnimalsAntigens, BacterialEpitopes, B-LymphocyteHumansProtein Subunit VaccinesAntigens, BacterialBacterial VaccinesEpitopes, B-LymphocyteProtein Subunit Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID42383911
PMCPMC13326931

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.