A Case of Vaginal Leiomyoma: Physical Examination Outperforms Imaging.

Background: Vaginal leiomyoma is a rare condition, and the most common site of occurrence is the anterior vaginal wall. Medical imaging plays a critical role in preoperative diagnosis and surgical decision-making, particularly ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Case Presentation: We report a case of an anterior vaginal wall leiomyoma in a reproductive-age woman. Preoperative multimodal imaging consistently yielded a diagnosis of a cervical myoma, while clinical examination and surgical exploration confirmed the lesion to be a primary vaginal leiomyoma. Conclusion: Even in the era of highly advanced imaging technology, clinicians should still prioritize physical examination in clinical practice and integrate the advantages of high-precision imaging equipment to enhance the accuracy of diagnosis. A careful palpation may be more precise than imaging in ascertaining the anatomical origin of the lesion. Meanwhile, clinicians should rationally address the limitations of imaging examinations and mitigate imaging misinterpretation through multi-dimensional approaches.