ArticleSafety and health at work2026
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Peak and Post-pandemic Period on Healthcare Professionals' Attitudes Toward Patient Safety Culture: A Comparative Study.
Article in Safety and health at work, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic placed unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems, affecting frontline staff through long hours, psychological stress, and resource disparities. In Taiwan, the pandemic's peak in 2021 and subsequent easing in 2022 brought changes in clinical operations and organizational dynamics. This study explores how these shifts influenced healthcare workers' perceptions of patient safety culture (PSC) over time. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered at a medical center in central Taiwan using the New Chinese version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (New-SAQ). Valid responses were collected from 3,709 healthcare workers across two periods: 2021 (pandemic peak) and 2022 (post-peak). Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) for descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and two-way analysis of variance to assess differences and interactions across roles, time periods, and demographic variables. Results: PSC scores showed significant improvement in 2022 compared to 2021. The highest-rated dimensions were teamwork climate, job satisfaction, and perceptions of management, reflecting enhanced collaboration and leadership support. However, stress recognition and resilience (measured via reverse-coded emotional exhaustion) remained low, highlighting ongoing emotional burden. Nurses reported significantly lower scores in job satisfaction and safety climate compared to other professional groups. Strong interrelations were found among dimensions, particularly between teamwork and safety climate (r = .781). Conclusion: While PSC improved post-peak pandemic, specific groups-particularly nurses, women, and mid-career professionals-continue to face elevated stress and burnout risks. Healthcare organizations should prioritize leadership engagement, implement flexible work arrangements, and provide targeted resilience training to promote a safer and more supportive work environment.
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