ReviewFrontiers in molecular neuroscience2026
Extracellular vesicles as nanocarriers in glioblastoma: implications for chemoresistance and immune evasion.
Review in Frontiers in molecular neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
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Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive primary brain tumor, remains highly resistant to conventional therapies because of its pronounced intratumoral heterogeneity, adaptive plasticity, and complex tumor microenvironment. Increasing evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play central roles in mediating intercellular communication within GBM and contribute to multiple mechanisms associated with therapeutic resistance. This review critically examines the biogenesis, molecular cargo composition, and functional heterogeneity of GBM-derived EVs, with particular emphasis on their involvement in chemoresistance-related processes, including apoptosis evasion, DNA repair modulation, stemness maintenance, immune reprogramming, metabolic adaptation, and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. EV-associated cargos, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, proteins, and lipids, appear to coordinately regulate interconnected resistance networks under therapeutic pressure rather than functioning through isolated pathways. Importantly, this review distinguishes between findings derived from
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