ArticleInfection and drug resistance2026
Diagnostic Yield of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Testing in Patients with Chronic Lung Diseases: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Infection and drug resistance, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: Obstructive lung disease (OLD), that is, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pulmonary malignancies, is a common comorbidity in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). However, there are limited data on the yield of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) testing in these patient groups. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of NTMs and NTM-PD in patients with OLD and/or pulmonary malignancy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all mycobacterial cultures obtained from respiratory samples of patients with OLD (either during exacerbation or during stable disease) and/or pulmonary malignancies referred to our center from January 2021 to January 2023 was performed. International definitions were applied to assess the NTM-PD. Results: NTM was isolated in 0.5% (4/834) of bronchopulmonary specimens from patients with pulmonary malignancies, 2.4% (13/553) from patients with stable OLD, and 3.5% (8/228) from patients with exacerbation of OLD. NTM-PD criteria were met in 32% (8/25) of the patients in the OLD cohort. In the OLD cohort, the likelihood of NTM isolation was higher in patients with lower BMI (p = 0.030), frequent exacerbations (p = 0.004), and use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) (p = 0.012). NTM-PD was more likely in patients with a lower BMI (p = 0.043) and frequent exacerbations (p = 0.023), but not in those using ICS (p = 0.482), regardless of the dose. Conclusion: The yield of NTM isolation from patients with OLD and/or lung malignancy is generally low. However, routine microbiological testing for NTM from bronchopulmonary specimens and assessment of the presence of NTM-PD could be considered in patients with OLD with a low BMI and/or frequent exacerbations.
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