Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42381720›Full record

ArticleInternational medical education (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Marcos J Ramos-Benitez, Martha E García-Osorio, Yamixa Delgado

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International medical education (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Marcos J Ramos-BenitezDepartment of Basic Science, Microbiology Division, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA.
Martha E García-OsorioSchool of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960, USA.
Yamixa DelgadoDepartment of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR 00725, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0686-7145

Funding

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COMPETENCY & EDUCATION CORE (STCE)P20GM103475 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO MED SCIENCES · PI Humberto Guillermo Ortiz-Zuazaga · 2012 to 2026
$52.9M
The Role of Midbrain to Prelimbic Cortex Glutamatergic projections in Stress-induced Drug SeekingU54MD007579 · NIMHD · PONCE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI Emmanuel Antonio Cruz, Kenira J Thompson · 2019 to 2026
$35.9M
Tracking and Evaluation CoreU54GM133807 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO MED SCIENCES · PI RIVAS-TUMANYAN, SONA · 2020 to 2024
$17.7M
Hispanic Clinical and Translational Research Education and Career Development ProgramR25MD007607 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO MED SCIENCES · PI Karen G. Martinez Gonzalez, Barbara Segarra-Vazquez · 2012 to 2026
$7.4M
The contribution of gut microbiome composition to natural variation in sleep and aggression across populations in the blind Mexican cavefishP20GM156713 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO MED SCIENCES · PI FILIPA GODOY-VITORINO · 2025 to 2026
$6.8M
NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM103475NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM156713NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM133807NIMHD NIH HHS R25 MD007607NIMHD NIH HHS U54 MD007579
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), into education, marks a profound shift in how knowledge is accessed, processed, and applied. These tools offer clear advantages-including improved efficiency, immediate support, and high productivity-but it may simultaneously weaken foundational skills. This Perspective examines the dual impact of AI on education, arguing that over-reliance on AI may displace essential cognitive processes that reinforce professional competence. Emerging evidence points to troubling associations between frequent AI use and diminished critical reasoning. We propose a model of

Indexed as

artificial intelligencecritical alliancecritical thinkingeducationlarge language models

Identifiers

PMID42381720
PMCPMC13318451

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.