ArticleJournal of toxicology2026
Exposure to Heavy Metals Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead Exacerbates Carcinogenic and Noncarcinogenic Health Risks Among Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients.
Article in Journal of toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exposure to toxic metals contributes to the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), yet evidence from sub-Saharan Africa remains limited. This hospital-based cross-sectional study assessed heavy metal (arsenic [As], cadmium [Cd], lead [Pb]) exposure levels and their association with health risks in adult diabetic and hypertensive patients in Cameroon. It involved 178 participants (39 diabetics, 78 hypertensives, 61 comorbid), and the urinary metals were quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and normalized to creatinine. Serum oxidative stress biomarkers including glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) were measured. Health risk indices including estimated daily intake (EDI), chronic daily intake (CDI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI) and cancer risk (CR), were computed. Proportion contribution trend (PCT), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression were applied for risk and predictive analyses. Diabetic patients exhibited significantly higher (
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