ArticleJDS communications2026
Investigation of vehicles as potential pathways for between-farm transmission of influenza A virus in US dairy herds.
Article in JDS communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 has infected US dairy cattle and spread throughout 19 different states since March 2024. Although within-farm transmission is thought to occur primarily through direct contact, local between-farm spread remains unknown, and is considered multifactorial and likely driven by routine business activities involving shared personnel, vehicles, and other conveyances. This investigation evaluated the presence of influenza A virus RNA in a convenience sample of milk transport trucks and other on-farm service vehicles in H5N1-affected areas in 3 states between May 2024 and April 2025. A total of 298 samples were collected from 52 vehicles, of which 38 were milk trucks and tankers from 2 dairy cooperatives. Influenza A virus RNA was detected in 1.3% (4/298) of samples: 2 from tires on a livestock hauler and a deadstock trailer in Michigan, 1 from a milk cabinet sample from a milk tanker in Michigan, and 1 from a tanker milk sample in California. Although a very small percentage of samples were positive, this investigation shows that H5N1 virus can be detected on vehicles servicing US dairy herds, highlighting a potential pathway for between-farm transmission.
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Registered trials
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