Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42381234›Full record

ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2026

Spatial accessibility analysis of vaccination units in Gansu Province, China (2025).

Xuefeng Liang, Na Jin, Shuyu Liu, Bingling Zhang, Jing An, Yu Tang, Xuxia Wang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xuefeng LiangImmunization Planning and Management Institute, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China.
Na JinImmunization Planning and Management Institute, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China.
Shuyu LiuImmunization Planning and Management Institute, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China.
Bingling ZhangImmunization Planning and Management Institute, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China.
Jing AnImmunization Planning and Management Institute, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China.
Yu TangImmunization Planning and Management Institute, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China.
Xuxia WangImmunization Planning and Management Institute, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study evaluated the spatial accessibility of vaccination units in Gansu Province, China, using the Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method, with data collected as of December 2025. A total of 2,119 vaccination units registered as of December 2025 were included as supply points, with staff count as the supply capacity measure. Spatial accessibility was calculated for 14,243 urban residential points and 184,112 rural toponym points using a 5 km catchment radius. Accessibility levels were classified using the Jenks natural breaks method, and spatial equity was quantified using the Gini coefficient. In urban areas, the mean accessibility index was 0.20 (range: 0-84.43), with 98.93% of points classified as low accessibility; the Gini coefficient was 0.957. In rural areas, the mean accessibility index was 0.068 (range: 0-97.74), with 99.57% of points at low accessibility and 57.28% having zero accessibility; the Gini coefficient was 0.751. Vaccination services in Gansu Province exhibit extreme spatial inequality, with near-universal low accessibility in rural areas. Targeted interventions are urgently needed to address these disparities and ensure equitable immunization coverage.

Indexed as

Health Services AccessibilityImmunization ProgramsVaccinationChinaHumansRural PopulationSpatial AnalysisVaccination CoverageGansu Provincejenks natural breaksspatial accessibilitytwo-step floating catchment area methodVaccination units

Identifiers

PMID42381234
PMCPMC13336251

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.