ArticleJournal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England)2026
Associations of weekly working hours with biological aging and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: the role of lifestyle.
Article in Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThis explorative study investigated the associations between working hours, biological aging, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and assessed the potential mediating role of lifestyle factors.
methodsWe utilized data from the Older Finnish Twin Cohort, which comprised 9246 participants who had reported their weekly working hours in 1990. Biological aging was assessed using blood-based epigenetic aging measures in a subsample (n = 740). We used a counterfactual mediation approach. Lifestyle-related factors, including leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and sleep, were considered potential mediators. Between-within twin models were used to evaluate the extent to which shared familial factors confounded the observed associations.
resultsDuring the mean 28-year follow-up period, 20.5% of the participants died. Long hours were directly associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality, but only at the between-pair level; there were no associations with biological aging. However, long hours were indirectly associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality through a higher BMI and smoking, and with an increased risk of CVD mortality through lower LTPA levels. Long hours were also indirectly associated with accelerated biological aging through smoking. Part-time work was indirectly associated with a lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality through a lower BMI.
conclusionsThe findings of this explorative study suggest that direct associations between long working hours, biological aging, and mortality are shaped by lifestyle-mediated pathways and shared familial factors.
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