Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42380620›Full record

ArticleNature structural & molecular biology2026

Genome-wide absolute quantification of chromatin looping.

James M Jusuf, Jin H Yang, Jack Toppen, Simon Grosse-Holz, Michele Gabriele, Pia Mach, Ilya M Flyamer, Christoph Zechner, Luca Giorgetti, Leonid A Mirny and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature structural & molecular biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Developmental expression of the skeletal muscle determination gene,bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. CAD-C: An engineered nuclease enables repair-freebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  5. Putting numbers on chromatin looping.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. The Biological Function of Genome Organization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Condensin Accelerates Long-Range Intra-Chromosomal Interactions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

James M JusufDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Jin H YangDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6489-3926
Jack ToppenDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Simon Grosse-HolzCenter for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0717-5757
Michele GabrieleDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5393-9084
Pia MachFriedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1741-7104
Ilya M FlyamerFriedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
Christoph ZechnerCenter for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Luca GiorgettiFriedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9664-9087
Leonid A MirnyInstitute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0785-5410
Anders S HansenDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. ashansen@mit.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7540-7858

Funding

VIRUS PRODUCTION COREP30CA014051 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI Jacqueline A. Lees · 1985 to 2026
$93.9M
Center for 3D Structure and Physics of the GenomeUM1HG011536 · NHGRI · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI DEKKER, JOB, MIRNY, LEONID A · 2020 to 2024
$11.8M
Resolving transcription factor target search mechanismsR01CA300848 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI Anders Sejr Hansen · 2024 to 2026
$2.9M
Polymer models of mitotic and interphase chromosomesR01GM114190 · NIGMS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI MIRNY, LEONID A · 2015 to 2023
$2.8M
DYNAMIC BOTTOM-UP DISSECTION OF CHROMATIN LOOPING AND GENE REGULATIONDP2GM140938 · NIGMS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI HANSEN, ANDERS SEJR · 2020 to 2020
$2.3M
An integrated toolkit for real-time analysis of coupled nascent transcriptionR01EB035127 · NIBIB · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI Anders Sejr Hansen · 2024 to 2026
$1.3M
Super-resolution microscopy for dynamic analysis of focal enhancer amplifications in cancerR33CA257878 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI HANSEN, ANDERS SEJR · 2021 to 2023
$1.1M
3D Chromatin architectural dynamics at ultra-high resolutionR01HG014500 · NHGRI · CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA · PI Gerd A Blobel, Anders Sejr Hansen · 2026 to 2026
$863k
Ultra-high resolution 3D genome maps for multiple human tissuesR03OD038390 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI HANSEN, ANDERS SEJR, LIU, JIE · 2024 to 2024
$309k
Dissecting enhancer-promoter looping and gene induction dynamics in differentiationK99GM149815 · NIGMS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GABRIELE, MICHELE · 2023 to 2024
$250k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA014051NCI NIH HHS R01 CA300848NCI NIH HHS R33 CA257878NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG014500NHGRI NIH HHS UM1 HG011536NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB035127NIGMS NIH HHS DP2 GM140938NIGMS NIH HHS K99 GM149815NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM114190NIH HHS R03 OD038390
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Three-dimensional genomics methods such as Hi-C and Micro-C have uncovered chromatin loops across the genome and linked these loops to gene regulation. However, these methods only measure three-dimensional interaction probabilities on a relative scale. Here we overcome this limitation by using live-imaging data to calibrate Micro-C in mouse embryonic stem cells, thus obtaining absolute looping probabilities for 65,929 Micro-C-identified chromatin loops. We find that the looped state is generally rare, with a mean pairwise looping probability of 1.2% and a maximum of 25% across the quantified loops. On average, CTCF-CTCF loops are stronger than cis-regulatory loops (2.2% versus <1%). Our findings can be extended to human cells with available Micro-C data under certain assumptions. Overall, we establish an approach for genome-wide absolute loop quantification and report that loops occur with low probabilities, generalizing recent live-imaging results to the whole genome.

Indexed as

ChromatinGenomeGenomicsAnimalsCCCTC-Binding FactorEmbryonic Stem CellsHumansMiceMouse Embryonic Stem CellsRepressor ProteinsCCCTC-Binding FactorChromatinCtcf protein, mouseRepressor Proteins

Identifiers

PMID42380620
PMCPMC13523127

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.