Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42379835›Full record

ArticlePain research & management2026

Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Psychometric Scale for Assessing Pain Perception and Coping Strategies Among Adolescents.

Mengmeng Zhang, Xin Ma, Shuran Yang, Xudong Zhao, Ying Zhang, Jonas Tesarz

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pain research & management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mengmeng ZhangDepartment of General Internal Medicine, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany, heidelberg.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-5805
Xin MaNational Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China, pku.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7263-6284
Shuran YangDepartment of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China, kmmc.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1819-4918
Xudong ZhaoSchool of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, tongji.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1493-3517
Ying ZhangDepartment of General Internal Medicine, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany, heidelberg.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-6783
Jonas TesarzDepartment of General Internal Medicine, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany, heidelberg.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3268-7778

Funding

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung 01EC1904AChina Scholarship Council 202306260043Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft SFB1158Projekt DEAL
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesPain is a common experience during childhood and adolescence influencing emotional well-being, social functioning, and academic performance. Currently, there is a lack of rigorously validated multidimensional tools specifically designed for adolescents that can simultaneously assess pain sensitivity, its social-emotional impact, and pain acceptance.

methodsA sample of 836 adolescents completed the Adolescent Pain Sensitivity, Impact, and Acceptance Scale (APSIA) and the Chinese version of the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) in Jiangxi Province, China (October 2023). The instrument was developed through experts' consultations and literature review, followed by a pilot test. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), validity analyses against the PSQ, K-means clustering, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted using R.

resultsThe final APSIA was reduced to 18 items with three factors via EFA and CFA: pain sensitivity (8 items), social-emotional impact (6 items), and pain acceptance (4 items). The model demonstrated acceptable fit (CFI = 0.938, RMSEA = 0.072) and internal consistency (α > 0.80). Validity analyses against the PSQ showed statistically significant but small group differences (p = 0.003, d = 0.21) and a weak association with limited explained variance (R

conclusionThe APSIA showed initial psychometric support for assessing pain experiences in adolescents. It may provide a useful foundation for early screening, psychological intervention, and personalized pain management. Future studies should evaluate its clinical utility, cross-cultural applicability, and long-term stability.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PsychologicalCoping SkillsPain MeasurementPain PerceptionPsychometricsAdolescentFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMaleReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and Questionnairesadolescent painpain acceptancepain sensitivitypsychometric validationsocial–emotional impact

Identifiers

PMID42379835
PMCPMC13318478

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.