Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42378017›Full record

ArticleJournal of food science2026

Drying Method-Dependent Variations in Phenolics, Color, and Volatile Profile of Thymus praecox subsp. skorpilii.

Didem Karadeniz, Işıl Barutçu Mazı, Öznur Ergen Akçin

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Article in Journal of food science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Didem KaradenizDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
Işıl Barutçu MazıDepartment of Food Engineering, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5324-8451
Öznur Ergen AkçinDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.

Funding

Ordu University Grant B-2305
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of different drying methods, including freeze drying, oven drying, shade drying, and microwave drying (360, 600, and 900 W), on the volatile profile, total phenolic content (TPC), and color characteristics of wild-grown Thymus praecox subsp. skorpilii. Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) analysis identified 26 volatile compounds in the fresh sample, with α-pinene, 3-octanone, limonene, and β-caryophyllene as the predominant constituents. Drying induced pronounced shifts in volatile composition, characterized by an overall increase in isoprenoid compounds and a reduction in fatty acid derivatives, alongside the emergence of compounds such as nonanal and hexadecane. Increasing microwave power led to a decrease in monoterpenes and an increase in sesquiterpenes. TPC (19.5-40.21 mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/g), and color parameters were also significantly affected (p < 0.05), with freeze drying and high-power microwave drying showing improved phenolic retention and color preservation compared to oven and shade drying. Overall, the results indicate that drying influences multiple quality attributes in a method-dependent manner, with variations in processing conditions leading to distinct compositional outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of aligning drying conditions with specific quality targets when processing wild thyme. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study establishes a practical framework for selecting drying strategies in wild thyme (Thymus praecox subsp. skorpilii) by linking processing conditions to changes in volatile composition, color, and phenolic content. The results demonstrate that drying induces method-dependent transformations rather than uniform quality changes. Accordingly, drying methods should be chosen on the basis of the targeted product profile together with processing efficiency, enabling more tailored production of high-quality dried thyme.

Indexed as

DesiccationFood HandlingPhenolsThymus PlantVolatile Organic CompoundsColorFood, ProcessedFreeze DryingGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryMicrowavesSolid Phase MicroextractionPhenolsVolatile Organic Compoundscolor parametersdrying methodsheadspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME/GC–MS)headspace volatilesmicrowave drying

Identifiers

PMID42378017
PMCPMC13317756

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.