Trial reportAdvances in therapy2026
Matching-Adjusted Indirect Comparison of Tarlatamab for Patients with Platinum-Refractory or Platinum-Resistant Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer.
Trial report in Advances in therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase II Randomised Trial of Second-line Treatment in Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC), Comparing Oral Combination Chemotherapy (CCNU, Cyclophosphamide, Etoposide) With Intravenous Association Chemotherapy.
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Phase 2 Clinical Trial of Alisertib (MLN8237) in Combination With Paclitaxel Versus Placebo in Combination With Paclitaxel as Second Line Therapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC).
A Randomized, Open-label, Phase 3 Study of Tarlatamab Compared With Standard of Care in Subjects With Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer After Platinum-based First-line Chemotherapy
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionExtensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) is an aggressive cancer that is traditionally associated with poor survival outcomes, particularly among individuals with platinum-refractory or platinum-resistant disease. In the phase 3 DeLLphi-304 trial (NCT05740566), tarlatamab showed significant clinical benefit compared with single-agent chemotherapies (topotecan, lurbinectedin, or amrubicin) as second-line (2L) therapy for ES-SCLC. Paclitaxel and a combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine (CAV) are alternative 2L treatments for platinum-refractory or platinum-resistant ES-SCLC that were not evaluated in the DeLLphi-304 trial. To address the lack of head-to-head evidence, unanchored matching-adjusted indirect comparisons (MAICs) were conducted to compare the efficacy of tarlatamab versus paclitaxel and CAV.
methodsThe analyses leveraged individual-level patient data from DeLLphi-304 (tarlatamab) and published aggregate-level data from Owonikoko 2020 (NCT02038647; paclitaxel) and GFPC 0501 (NCT00418743; CAV). Analyses were restricted based on chemotherapy-free interval (CFI) to align with the eligibility criteria of Owonikoko 2020 (CFI < 180 days) and GFPC 0501 (CFI < 90 days). Outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR). Unanchored MAIC was used to estimate the relative treatment effect after adjusting for baseline imbalances. Measures of effect included hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs).
resultsAfter MAIC reweighting, tarlatamab was associated with longer OS versus paclitaxel [HR (95% CI): 0.35 (0.23, 0.52), p < 0.001] and CAV [HR: 0.48 (0.32, 0.70), p < 0.001]. Tarlatamab was also associated with improved PFS, ORR and DCR relative to paclitaxel (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between tarlatamab and CAV with respect to PFS, ORR, or DCR (p > 0.05).
conclusionThese results suggest that tarlatamab may increase survival relative to paclitaxel and CAV among individuals with platinum-refractory or platinum-resistant ES-SCLC in the 2L setting. These findings are subject to residual confounding and should be interpreted with caution.
trial registrationDeLLphi-304 ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT05740566.
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