ReviewImmunologic research2026
TRIM28 and TRIM32: multifaceted regulators of innate immunity and antiviral defence.
Review in Immunologic research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
As versatile E3 ubiquitin ligases, Tripartite Motif (TRIM) proteins are essential elements of the innate immune response. The antiviral roles of TRIM28 and TRIM32 have been well documented, and they function in different ways. TRIM28 regulates the transcriptional expression of antiviral genes, while TRIM32 ubiquitinates host or viral proteins and directs their proteasomal breakdown. When taken together, they represent complementary transcriptional and post-translational host defence mechanisms. While TRIM28 primarily acts as a transcriptional repressor and TRIM32 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, both proteins also play opposing roles in cell differentiation and immunity. Given the large number of TRIM family members, focusing on these two allows us to present representative transcriptional and ubiquitination-mediated regulatory mechanisms in depth. This review focuses on the regulatory differences in TRIM28 and TRIM32 in RIG-like receptor (RLR) signalling, Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathways, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, and NOD-like receptors (NLR)-mediated inflammation, which are key to the host's immune response. These protein interactomes exhibit a significant interaction with other cellular pathways, broadening their significance beyond antiviral responses to encompass broader genetic and therapeutic implications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.