ReviewMolecular biology reports2026
Advances in 3D culture systems for maintaining prostate tissue architecture and functional ex vivo prostate organ culture for biomedical applications.
Review in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Model systems are inevitable for biomedical research, and advanced prostate three dimensional (3D) models help bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo systems. Prostate diseases are biologically complex and regulated by hormone signaling, stromal-epithelial interactions, immunological infiltration, and glandular microenvironmental factors. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques and prostatic cell lines exhibit limitations for translational research, as they reflect varied phenotypic and genotypic characteristics compared to native prostate tissue. Recent advancements in prostatic 3D models, including spheroids, organoids, assembloids, 3D scaffold models, and bioengineered organotypic prostate models, have emerged as potent tools that maintain cellular heterogeneity, extracellular matrix (ECM) complexity, metastasis, and therapeutic responses. Recent engineering approaches have enabled the development of dynamic culture systems with real-time monitoring capabilities. These include perfusion bioreactors, organ-on-chip platforms, and bioprinting technologies that better mimic prostatic disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Recent developments in the ex vivo prostate platform with long-term viability provide a distinctive framework for organ-level investigations, drug screening, and biomarker validation. This review summarizes current progress in prostate 3D and ex vivo culture systems while addressing their biological and engineering limitations. Collectively, these technologies position 3D and ex vivo model as transformative platforms for translational research, drug screening, and precision medicine. Studies on prostate-like glandular spheroids, organoids, and ex vivo systems derived from regenerative invertebrates such as Eudrilus eugeniae may provide insights for the development of improved mammalian prostate organoid and ex vivo culture systems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42377605What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.