Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42377602›Full record

ArticleMolecular biology reports2026

The effects of netarsudil ophthalmic solution on the expression of genes involved in fibrogenesis in orbital fibroblasts of patients with thyroid eye disease.

Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi, Mojtaba Heydari, Alireza Attar, Vahid Armaghanifard, Behzad Khademi

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Article in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Fatemeh Sanie-JahromiPoostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Mojtaba HeydariPoostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Alireza AttarPoostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Vahid ArmaghanifardPoostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Behzad KhademiPoostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. khademi.behzad@gmail.com.

Funding

Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Grant# 31479
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune orbital disorder characterized by fibroblast activation, myofibroblast differentiation, and excessive extracellular matrix production. RhoA/ROCK signaling is increasingly implicated in these fibrotic processes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor netarsudil on the expression of fibrogenesis-related genes in orbital fibroblasts derived from patients with TED. METHODS AND

resultsPrimary orbital fibroblasts were isolated from two patients with TED. Cells were treated with varying concentrations of netarsudil (ranging from 2 × 10

conclusionsOur findings suggest that non-cytotoxic dose of netarsudil, is insufficient to reverse the constitutively pro-fibrotic transcriptional program in TED orbital fibroblasts. The lack of direct antifibrotic efficacy highlights the complexity of TED fibrogenesis and suggests that redundant or parallel signaling pathways may limit the impact of isolated ROCK inhibition. Further research is required to evaluate combination therapies or alternative targets in TED-related fibrosis.

Indexed as

beta-AlanineFibroblastsGraves OphthalmopathyActinsCells, CulturedCell SurvivalFibrosisGene Expression RegulationHumansOphthalmic SolutionsOrbitrho-Associated KinasesSignal TransductionTransforming Growth Factor betaActinsbeta-AlanineOphthalmic Solutionsrho-Associated KinasesTransforming Growth Factor betaThyroid Eye Disease (TED), Orbital Fibroblasts, Netarsudil, ROCK Inhibition, Fibrogenesis

Identifiers

PMID42377602

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.