ArticleInternational journal of biometeorology2026
Woody plant encroachment alters the vegetative and reproductive phenology of a Vereda palm swamp in Cerrado.
Article in International journal of biometeorology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Woody plant encroachment (WPE) is widespread in savanna and wetland ecosystems, yet its effects on phenological dynamics at fine spatial scales remain poorly quantified. Here, we assessed how woody plant encroachment alters vegetative and reproductive phenology in a Vereda palm swamp ecosystem of the Brazilian Cerrado by integrating high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (RPAS; Remotely Piloted Aircraft System) imagery with ground-based phenological monitoring. Ten regions of interest representing WPE and non-invaded native Vereda vegetation were monitored monthly for twelve consecutive months using drone imagery, with 1 × 1 m sampling grids (≈ 260 m² per region). Vegetation greenness was quantified from monthly orthomosaics using the Green Chromatic Coordinate (GCC) and analyzed with linear mixed-effects models including vegetation type, time, and their interaction. Flowering phenology was monitored biweekly from January to December 2023 in transects located in the middle region of the same Vereda area. Three WPE plant species and the native Vereda community occurring in the same area were analyzed using circular statistics and permutation tests. Woody plant encroachment areas exhibited significantly higher GCC values than native Vereda vegetation, indicating greater and more persistent greenness throughout the year. A significant vegetation type × time interaction revealed distinct phenological trajectories, with WPE areas maintaining elevated greenness during dry-wet seasonal transitions and possibly resulting in greater evapotranspiration and water use during the end of the dry season. Flowering phenology of WPE species was highly synchronized (mean angle = 3.45 rad; r = 0.65), whereas native Vereda species showed a more diffuse flowering pattern (mean angle = 1.99 rad; r = 0.27). Although a temporal flowering peak shift of approximately three months was observed between groups, this difference was not statistically significant. Overall, woody plant encroachment substantially modifies vegetative phenological dynamics and tends to homogenize flowering timing in Vereda ecosystems, highlighting the value of integrating RPAS-based monitoring and field observations to detect functional changes in Cerrado wetlands.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.