SynthesisAesthetic plastic surgery2026
Safety Profile of Facial Cosmetic Surgery Under Local Anesthesia, with or without Sedation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionFacial aesthetic surgery is increasingly performed under local anesthesia, with or without sedation, in office-based settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the safety profile of such procedures by measuring the incidence of complications following facial cosmetic surgery under local anesthesia, with or without sedation.
methodsA systematic review of the literature was performed in line with the PRISMA guidelines. The databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched. Studies reporting on complications following facial cosmetic surgery performed in outpatient settings under local anesthesia, with or without sedation, were included. The pooled weighted incidence of complications was calculated using a random-effects inverse variance model with Freeman-Tukey transformation.
resultsTwelve studies were included, with a procedure pool of 3283. The incidence of total complications was 5.6%, 95% CI [2.8, 9.3]. The incidence of major complications was 1.6%, 95% CI [0.1, 4.3], while minor complications occurred in 3.7%, 95% CI [2.0, 5.7], of cases. Combined facial aesthetic procedures were uncommon, with 9% of patients undergoing multiple procedures in the same operative setting.
conclusionFacial cosmetic surgery under local anesthesia, with or without sedation, appears to be associated with a low incidence of complications. Combined procedures were uncommon, indicating that operative scope in these settings is generally limited. Substantial heterogeneity among studies underscores the need for standardized definitions of complications, anesthetic protocols, and evidence-based patient selection criteria. Future research should focus on developing these frameworks and incorporating validated outcome measures to further optimize safety and patient satisfaction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Indexed as
Identifiers
42377497What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.