Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42377394›Full record

ReviewJournal of medical radiation sciences2026

Mapping the Landscape of Over-Scanning in CT Imaging: A Scoping Review.

Mo'men Bani-Ahmad, Aoife O Sullivan, Yasser H Hadi, Laura McLaughlin, Andrew England, Mark McEntee

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of medical radiation sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mo'men Bani-AhmadDiscipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9206-9418
Aoife O SullivanDiscipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8415-004X
Yasser H HadiDiscipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8570-1161
Laura McLaughlinDiscipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-6821
Andrew EnglandDiscipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6333-7776
Mark McEnteeDiscipline of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7045-2190

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionOver-scanning in CT refers to extending the scan range beyond intended anatomical boundaries, resulting in unnecessary ionising radiation exposure. Despite its frequent occurrence, it remains poorly defined and inadequately addressed within the radiological community. This scoping review examines the extent of over-scanning in CT imaging, including its definitions, assessment methods, contributing factors and mitigation strategies.

methodsA scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Ovid and Scopus were searched for studies published between January 2010 and December 2025. Extracted data included definitions, assessment methods, prevalence, dose implications, contributing factors and mitigation strategies.

resultsThirty-eight studies covering brain, chest, abdominal and multi-region CT protocols were included. Over-scanning was prevalent, averaging 75% (range 13%-100%), with excess coverage from 12 mm to about 90 mm, exceeding recommended anatomical margins. Associated effective dose increases ranged from 0.03 to 3.4 mSv, with organ-specific doses markedly higher in paediatric imaging and radiosensitive organs (thyroid, lungs, breasts, testes), amplifying long-term cancer risk. Directional patterns (superior/inferior) varied by protocol, influenced by anatomical complexity, scout-image limitations and radiographer caution to avoid under-coverage.

conclusionOver-scanning in CT is a multifactorial issue driven by technical, operator, patient and system-level factors. Mitigation requires standardised protocols, radiographer training, education on over-irradiation risks, optimised scout image utilisation and technological support. Key strategies include consistent osseous landmarks, lateral scout views and AI-based planning tools, which offer promising solutions for automating scan range planning, detecting and reducing over-scanning through real-time monitoring and retrospective analysis and enhancing patient radiation safety.

Indexed as

computed tomographyover‐scanningprotocol standardisationradiation dosescan range

Identifiers

PMID42377394
PMCPMC13398788

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.