Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42376320›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026

Exosome-enriched extracellular vesicles are associated with Getah virus RNA and transmission-related readouts

Yinghao Liu, Decheng Yang, Weiliang Liu, Lili Wen, Lan Du, Xianfeng Zhang, Shouping Hu, Jingfei Wang, Xijun He

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yinghao Liu *State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Decheng Yang *State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Weiliang LiuState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Lili WenState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Lan DuState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Xianfeng ZhangState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Shouping HuState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Jingfei WangState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Xijun HeState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Getah virus (GETV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus of veterinary importance with potential zoonotic relevance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can facilitate intercellular transfer of viral components, but their involvement in GETV infection remains unclear. Methods: Exosome-enriched EV fractions were isolated from supernatants of GETV-infected HeLa, BHK21, and PK15 cells by ultracentrifugation followed by CD9 immunoaffinity enrichment (HeLa) or iodixanol density gradient fractionation (BHK21/PK15). EV-associated viral RNA and infection-related readouts were analyzed using RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, and uptake assays. Results: Exosome-enriched EV fractions were enriched for canonical EV markers and were associated with genome-spanning GETV RNA. Exposure of recipient cells to these fractions resulted in EV uptake, increased intracellular GETV RNA levels, and viral protein expression. RNase protection assays showed that the RNA signal was resistant to RNase treatment unless membranes were disrupted, consistent with membrane-protected RNA. In donor HeLa cells, GW4869 treatment reduced EV recovery and EV-associated GETV RNA levels and decreased transmission-related readouts in recipient cells, while having limited effects on cell-free virus replication in donor cells. Discussion: Together, these findings support the existence of an EV-associated route that may contribute to GETV transmission-related processes

Indexed as

AlphavirusAlphavirus InfectionsExosomesExtracellular VesiclesRNA, ViralAnimalsCell LineHeLa CellsHumansVirus ReplicationRNA, Viralalphavirusexosome-enriched EVsextracellular vesiclesGetah virusintercellular spread

Identifiers

PMID42376320
PMCPMC13311032

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