Bovine rotavirus: A narrative review of rotavirus a biology, vaccination strategies, and regional insights from Morocco.

Group A rotavirus commonly infects cattle and results in gastrointestinal disorders that are responsible for heavy losses among these animals and within the livestock industry in general. In Morocco, the G10P[14] and G6P[5] genotypes are frequently observed; however, limited data contribute to restricted vaccine choice and disease control. Preventive measures include effective colostrum management practices, hygiene, and vaccination of pregnant cows to pass on passive immunity to newborn calves. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of vaccines in Morocco has not been ascertained because there has been no proper tracking of local variants and their spread. This narrative literature review presents an updated insight into the bovine rotavirus scenario in Morocco and its impact on animal health and the cattle industry. Epidemiological data on circulating genotypes and vaccine performance remain limited and fragmented at the national level, constraining evidence-based vaccine selection and control strategies. Therefore, epidemiological investigations are recommended to identify circulating strains, along with laboratory and field studies assessing vaccine effectiveness, in addition to improved management practices and farmer education. Therefore, using these evidence-based approaches, productivity losses and the vulnerability of the Moroccan livestock industry can be minimized. This paper goes a long way in demonstrating the need for cross-disciplinary work between researchers, veterinarians, and policymakers that will help translate the findings into practical interventions in fields that not only preserve the health of animals but also the farmers' income in Morocco's diverse zones.