ArticleOpen veterinary journal2026
Alterations associated with Karelia cigarette exposure and the protective role of Libyan Sidr honey in male albino rats.
Article in Open veterinary journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoke (CS) contains multiple toxic substances, including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and reactive oxygen species, which can induce oxidative stress and physiological disturbances. Chronic exposure may result in stress-related behavioral and hormonal changes. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate stress-related behavioral manifestations, body weight changes, and serum cortisol levels in male albino rats exposed to Karelia Red cigarettes (KRC) and to explore the modulatory potential of Libyan Sidr honey (LSH). Methods: Twenty-eight adult male albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups ( Results: Rats exposed to KRC exhibited stress-related behavioral manifestations, reduced locomotor activity, decreased body weight gain, and elevated serum cortisol levels compared with the control group ( Conclusion: LSH mitigated some stress-related behavioral and physiological effects of KRC exposure. These findings support the potential of LSH as a natural agent for modulating smoke-induced stress responses and provide preliminary experimental insights with potential translational relevance. Behavioral observations were descriptive and exploratory and should not be interpreted as quantitative measures. Future studies should incorporate standardized behavioral scoring using a structured ethogram for rigorous assessment.
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