ArticleOpen veterinary journal2026
Upregulation of miRNA-374: A novel diagnostic biomarker and insight into inflammatory pathways in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Article in Open veterinary journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal disease characterized by declining lung function and severe, irreversible scarring. The early diagnosis of IPF is particularly challenging due to the presence of nonspecific symptoms and a shortage of accurate, noninvasive biomarkers. Recently, interest in microRNAs (miRNAs) as IPF diagnostic biomarkers has emerged due to their stability and involvement in inflammation and fibrosis regulation. Aim: This study aimed to measure the level of circulating miRNA-374 in patients with IPF, assess the level of diagnostic accuracy of miRNA-374, and determine the relationship between miRNA-374 and lung function and various inflammatory indices in the blood. Methods: A case-control design was applied where 30 patients with IPF and 30 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls were included. Lung function was assessed using forced vital capacity (FVC%) and FEV1/FVC%. Hematological indices were measured with a focus on white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophil percentage. The expression level of miRNA-374 was quantified using stem-loop Reverse Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase as the internal control. Data were reported as means, and the comparison of the means was achieved using t-tests, and correlation was done using Pearson's coefficient, with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis used to determine diagnostic accuracy. Results: FVC% in IPF patients was much lower than in controls, showing clear restrictive physiology (41.81 ± 6.11 Conclusion: IPF is associated with elevated levels of circulating miRNA-374, which is likely to be of diagnostic significance as it relates to neutrophilic inflammation. Therefore, circulating miRNA-374 may serve as an important non-invasive biomarker and provide an opportunity as a target for therapeutic intervention.
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