Effect of intravaginal probiotics and enrofloxacin on vaginal microbiota, pH, vaginitis, and fertility in black Iraqi goats synchronized with progesterone impregnated sponges.

Mohammedali J Ghafil, Mustafa A K Al-Taie, Ansam K Mohammed

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Open veterinary journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Comparative Effects of Intravaginal Progesterone Sponge Durations (Short vs. Long Duration) With or Without Probiotics on Vaginal Microbiota Balance and Reproductive Performance in Black Iraqi Goats.Veterinary medicine international · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Mohammedali J GhafilDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wasit, Kut, Iraq.

Mustafa A K Al-TaieDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Ansam K MohammedDepartment of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The prolonged retention of progesterone-infused intravaginal sponges in estrous synchronization protocols, results in alteration of vaginal microflora, disturbance of vaginal pH, and increased vaginitis in goats. These changes lead to the growth of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as Aim: To investigate the effects of probiotics ( Methods: Thirty adult black Iraqi goats, aged (2-4) years, were randomly divided into three separate groups, each group ( Results: The incidence of vaginitis was significantly increased ( Conclusion: The application of the intravaginal probiotic modified vaginal microflora, maintained vaginal pH, decreased vaginitis, and improved animal fertility. The probiotic efficacy was comparable to enrofloxacin without destroying beneficial bacteria.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsEnrofloxacinFertilityGoat DiseasesMicrobiotaProbioticsProgesteroneVaginaVaginitisAdministration, IntravaginalAnimalsFemaleGoatsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationLactiplantibacillus plantarumLactobacillus acidophilusAnti-Bacterial AgentsEnrofloxacinProgesteroneEnrofloxacinFertilityGoatsLactobacillus sppProgesterone intravaginal sponges

Identifiers

PMID42375956

DOI10.5455/OVJ.2026.v16.i4.45

PMCPMC13313935

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.