ArticleCureus2026
Comparative Evaluation of Microbial Colonization in Spot-Welded and Laser-Welded Orthodontic Bands: A Quantitative Analysis.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Objective The present study quantitatively evaluated and compared bacterial counts between spot-welded and laser-welded orthodontic bands. The need for the study arose from concerns that conventional spot-welded orthodontic bands may create irregular surfaces and microgaps that favor plaque accumulation and bacterial colonization, thereby increasing the risk of enamel decalcification and periodontal inflammation during orthodontic treatment. Laser welding has been proposed as an alternative technique capable of producing smoother and more precise joints with potentially reduced bacterial retention. However, limited clinical evidence is available comparing bacterial colonization associated with these two welding techniques. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess and compare bacterial counts on spot-welded and laser-welded orthodontic bands. To address this objective, the following methodology was implemented. Methodology The study employed a split-mouth design with 10 subjects requiring orthodontic treatment. Laser-welded bands and spot-welded bands on the right and left sides of the mandible were cemented, which represent the experimental and control sides, respectively. Plaque was collected from buccal and lingual surfaces on both control and experimental sides at baseline and after one month by a single examiner to prevent inter-individual bias. Plaque was diluted by serial dilution and then inoculated onto a culture plate containing agar as the growth medium. After three days, the number of bacterial colonies was counted using a digital colony counter, yielding colony-forming units (CFUs). Results The study showed that bacterial counts increased significantly on both the spot-welded and laser-welded sides after band placement on the buccal and lingual aspects. The bacterial count was higher on the spot-welded side than on the laser-welded side, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions Based on the study, there was no significant microbiological difference between laser-welded and conventional spot-welded orthodontic bands. But the presence of orthodontic bands, in the absence of optimal oral hygiene, will promote plaque growth. So, patients should be educated and motivated to maintain good oral hygiene.
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