ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026
Swine veterinarians' awareness, attitudes, and intention to recommend precision livestock farming technologies to clients.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) technologies offer substantial promise for enhancing animal welfare, productivity, and disease detection in commercial swine production. Swine veterinarians hold a critical advisory role in bridging the gap between the technical evidence base for PLF and on-farm adoption decisions. Yet, the psychological and contextual factors that predict veterinarians' intention to recommend PLF to their clients remain poorly understood in the literature. Methods: Using survey data from a convenience sample of 61 U.S. swine veterinarians recruited across four professional meetings (July 2022-July 2023), we used a TPB-informed framework to model PLF recommendation intention and veterinarian-reported current client PLF use. Because perceived behavioral control was not directly measured, the analysis represents a partial rather than full operationalization of TPB. Five TPB-aligned constructs-PLF Awareness, Expected PLF Impact, PLF Cost Perception, PLF Subjective Norms, and PLF Help Wanted-underwent preliminary construct validation using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's sphericity diagnostics, supplemented by Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω (all α ≥ 0.70). Hierarchical binary logistic regression models were estimated for two outcomes: (A) veterinarian intention to recommend more PLF to clients, and (B) whether any of the veterinarian's clients currently use any PLF technology. Mann-Whitney Results: PLF Help Wanted ( Discussion: U.S. swine veterinarians in this convenience sample show heterogeneous engagement with PLF. Evaluative beliefs about PLF impact and cost-effectiveness, perceived norms, and recognition of client need for PLF emerge as candidate modifiable targets for extension and professional development. Cost perception was near the scale midpoint and warrants explicit attention in PLF outreach. As an exploratory, partially TPB-grounded study with limited statistical power, these findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating and require confirmation in larger, nationally representative samples.
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