ArticleOpen veterinary journal2026
Outbred mice as an appropriate model for evaluating the immunogenicity of vaccines against porcine circovirus 2.
Article in Open veterinary journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases, leading to substantial economic losses in global swine production. Although various commercial vaccines exist, an appropriate and translational animal model is essential for evaluating vaccine-induced immune responses. Inbred mouse strains are traditionally preferred due to their genetic uniformity; however, outbred animals may reflect a broader immunological variability than the natural target species. The number of comparative studies assessing outbred mice for PCV2 vaccine immunogenicity remains limited. Aim: This study aimed to determine whether outbred mice represent an appropriate model for assessing the immunogenicity of PCV2 vaccines by comparing them with two commonly used inbred strains, C57BL/6 and BALB/c. Methods: A total of 108 6-week-old female mice from three genetic backgrounds (Swiss, C57BL/6, and BALB/c) were immunized with recombinant PCV2a- or PCV2b-based vaccines or inoculated with water for injection as controls. Vaccinations were administered on days 0 and 14, and blood samples were collected on days 0 and 28. Humoral immune responses were assessed using an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine seroconversion rates and end point antibody titers. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance, with a significance threshold of Results: All vaccinated animals were seroconverted at 28 days post-vaccination, whereas the control groups remained negative. High antibody titers, ranging from 1:25,600 to 1:102,400, were observed in all immunized groups, ranging from 1:25,600 to 1:102,400 depending on strain and vaccine genotype. No statistically significant differences were detected among the vaccinated groups ( Conclusion: Outbred Swiss mice exhibited robust antibody responses equivalent to those of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice following immunization with the PCV2a and PCV2b vaccines. These findings support the suitability of Swiss mice for assessing total IgG humoral responses in immunogenicity studies and PCV2 vaccine quality-control assays.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.