ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Precision treatment of chalazion based on AI-driven risk stratification: a prospective study of triamcinolone acetonide combined with intense pulsed light therapy.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the rates of chalazion recurrence following intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TA), intense pulsed light (IPL), or combined TA + IPL therapy and to validate an AI-enhanced risk stratification strategy. Methods: This prospective, observational study enrolled 366 patients. To eliminate immortal time bias and circular reasoning, LASSO-Cox regression with 10-fold cross-validation was employed to identify purely baseline predictors: age, Demodex infection, chronicity, and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). These baseline predictors were integrated into a clinical Cox proportional hazards model and a survival-based XGBoost model, which were subsequently merged into a hybrid framework. Performance was assessed via time-dependent area under the curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI), Kaplan-Meier analysis, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: The 3-month complete resolution rate was significantly higher in the combined TA + IPL group (95.2%) compared to the TA-only (90.8%) and IPL-only (79.4%) groups ( Conclusion: A hybrid AI-clinical model significantly improved the prediction of chalazion recurrence. Combined TA + IPL therapy demonstrated superior efficacy, particularly for high-risk patients. This framework provides a robust decision-support tool for precision management and the systematic reduction of chalazion recurrence.
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