Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42374537›Full record

ArticleJournal of health, population, and nutrition2026

Household wealth, women's empowerment, and food insecurity in conflict-affected Southeast Myanmar.

Kate Teela Zeichner, Nicholus Tint Zaw, Hnin Hnin Tha Myint, Aye Nyein Ei, Hay Mar Wai, Tom Traill, Adam Richards

Abstract read
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Article in Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Kate Teela ZeichnerGraylock LLC, Richland, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-5908-7944
Nicholus Tint ZawGraylock LLC, Richland, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-8082-401X
Hnin Hnin Tha MyintGraylock LLC, Richland, MI, USA.
Aye Nyein EiGraylock LLC, Richland, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-8041-3342
Hay Mar WaiGraylock LLC, Richland, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-2151-0579
Tom TraillGraylock LLC, Richland, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0684-834X
Adam RichardsGraylock LLC, Richland, MI, USA. arich111@jhu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7098-0513

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo quantify inequities in food insecurity and other nutrition outcomes in conflict zones of Southeast Myanmar when women's empowerment, wealth, and educational attainment are considered in concert.

methodsA stratified cluster survey in 74 villages was designed to evaluate a program delivering nutrition-sensitive interventions in areas of armed conflict. Primary outcomes included the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) and standard indicators of infant and young child feeding (IYCF). We quantified inequities according to several axes of vulnerability including household wealth, maternal education, and women's empowerment, considered individually and in concert, by estimating crude- and multiply adjusted logistic regression models that also account for distance to food markets. Crude and adjusted relative concentration indices were used to summarize inequities in nutrition indicators and program coverage. Analysis accounted for the complex survey design.

resultsAmong 801 respondents 32% are illiterate and 59% reported household wealth in the poorest national quintile. One quarter (25.3%) of households reported moderate or severe food insecurity overall, with moderate to large inequities related to wealth (crude rCI -0.19) and education (-0.17), though only education inequities remained significant in adjusted models. Inequities for child and maternal nutrition outcomes except for minimum meal frequency were larger for household wealth (range in rCI, 0.14 to 0.34) and smaller for education (0.07 to 0.22). Women in wealthier households were more likely to report high empowerment, though women's empowerment was not associated with nutrition outcomes. Project coverage was concentrated among wealthier households.

conclusionLarge inequities in food insecurity, dietary intake and women's empowerment exist in remote areas of Myanmar experiencing active armed conflict. Nutrition-sensitive intervention coverage also was inequitably distributed, suggesting that it is unlikely the nutrition project could reduce inequities in food and nutrition outcomes. Humanitarian agencies should routinely measure health inequities and identify delivery models that ameliorate them.

Indexed as

Armed ConflictsEmpowermentFamily CharacteristicsFood InsecurityFood SupplyAdultEducational StatusFemaleHumansInfantMyanmarNutritional StatusPower, PsychologicalSocioeconomic Disparities in HealthSocioeconomic FactorsYoung AdultBreastfeedingBurmaChild feedingFood insecurityHealth equityHumanitarian healthInternally displaced personsMyanmarNutritionWomen’s empowerment

Identifiers

PMID42374537
PMCPMC13663196

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.