ArticleBMC oral health2026
Effect of coffee solution on colour stability of various clear aligner attachment composites, does surface sealing make a difference?: An in vitro study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundIn this exploratory study is the first to test the efficacy of a surface sealant in preventing discolouration of orthodontic attachments. It aimed to evaluate the colour stability of four different resin composites used in orthodontic attachments after immersion in a coffee solution and to investigate the effect of surface sealant application on their colour stability.
methodsA total of 96 specimens were prepared using four resin composites: Aligner Connect, Estelite Sigma Quick, Universal Flo and Transbond XT (n = 24 per group). Each resin composite group was divided into two subgroups (n = 12); one received a surface sealant (Permaseal, Ultradent), and the other served as a control. All specimens were immersed in a coffee solution and colour measurements were recorded at three simulated time intervals: T1 (1 month), T2 (3 months), and T3 (6 months). Colour differences (∆E₀₀) were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05).
resultsAll resin composites showed a statistically significant increase in discolouration over time (p < 0.05). The Transbond XT group demonstrated the highest ∆E₀₀ (13.57 ± 0.77) values on Day 6, indicating the greatest level of discolouration. All resin composites showed ∆E₀₀ values exceeding the clinically acceptable threshold of 1.8.
conclusionExposure to coffee solution caused clinically unacceptable discolouration in all tested attachment resin composites. The type of resin composites played a critical role in determining the degree of discolouration in orthodontic attachment fabrication. Application of the surface sealant (Permaseal) did not provide a clinical advantage in improving resistance to discolouration form the coffee solution.
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