Observational studyBMC medical imaging2026
Gestational age-specific MRI reference values for fetal renal morphology and ADC.
Observational study in BMC medical imaging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundFetal renal developmental abnormalities are among the most common congenital malformations and are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Although fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide complementary morphological and quantitative information, gestational age (GA)-specific reference values integrating fetal renal morphology and diffusion parameters remain limited. This study aimed to establish MRI-based reference values for normal fetal renal morphology and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) across gestation.
methodsIn this retrospective single-center observational study, 313 singleton pregnancies (GA 23-38 weeks) with normal postnatal urinary outcomes underwent 1.5T fetal MRI, including T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging sequences. Morphological parameters [anteroposterior, transverse and longitudinal diameters, and mean renal parenchymal thickness (MRPT) and functional parameters T2 relative signal intensity (RSI-T2) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)] were measured for both kidneys. Reproducibility was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Associations between MRI parameters and GA were evaluated using correlation and linear regression analyses.
resultsAll measured parameters showed good to excellent inter-observer reproducibility. Renal diameters and MRPT increased significantly with GA (r = 0.72-0.89; all P < 0.0001). In contrast, renal ADC values showed moderate negative correlations with GA (right kidney: r =-0.47; left kidney: r =-0.52; both P < 0.0001). The regression equations for ADC (×10
conclusionsThis study provides GA-stratified reference ranges for key morphological and functional MRI parameters of normal fetal kidneys in the second and third trimesters. These quantitative benchmarks may provide a reference framework for fetal renal MRI assessment and for future studies of fetal renal abnormalities.
trial registrationNot applicable.
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